Drilling, backchaining and connected phrases

Cambridge Veritas · Original TESOL self-study resources

Understand the idea

Brief drilling can help learners rehearse an unfamiliar sound sequence. Backchaining builds a phrase from the final chunk while preserving its stress pattern. It should lead into meaningful use rather than become the whole lesson.

What you will practise

• Explain the key idea in “Drilling, backchaining and connected phrases” using a concrete example.
• Choose a teaching response that fits the learner and the purpose.
• Identify evidence you could collect to evaluate that response.

A closer look at the teaching

Backchaining preserves the final part of a phrase while gradually adding earlier material. Keep natural prominence and linking in the growing sequence. Once the phrase is manageable, change the context so learners must decide when to use it. That transfer stage reveals more than the number of successful repetitions.

Pronunciation planning should identify a useful outcome and the feature most likely to affect it. A listener’s misunderstanding can reveal a need, while a clear accent difference may require no correction. Diagnose perception and production, choose a small intervention and return to communication. This keeps pronunciation integrated with the messages learners need to understand and deliver, and avoids treating resemblance to one speaker as the sole measure of success.

In the classroom

Before choosing an activity, identify what the learner needs to understand or communicate. Separate the language demand from other demands such as reading instructions, managing equipment or speaking to a large group.

A teaching sequence you can adapt

Use these stages as a starting point for this topic. Keep the language goal visible, and change the support when learner responses show a different need.

1. 01

   Observe a relevant communication difficulty and identify a specific sound, prominence or connected-speech focus.

2. 02

   Check recognition and production separately before selecting the practice demand.

3. 03

   Provide a clear model, a useful cue and a brief supported rehearsal.

4. 04

   Return to an information-transfer task and use the listener response to evaluate improvement.

A common mistake to avoid

When reviewing the activity, distinguish what you observed from what you inferred. Use the task outcome and a fresh example to decide whether another explanation, a different scaffold or more independent practice is needed.

Adapt it for your learners

Keep the intended outcome consistent when comparing responses. Record which support was available so you do not confuse a supported performance with the same task completed independently.

Try it, then compare.

Take a moment to make your own decision. Compare your reasoning with the example, then adapt it for a teaching context you know.

Your questions, answered.

Quick revision

• The key idea: Brief drilling can help learners rehearse an unfamiliar sound sequence.
• The context to remember: A learner struggles with “Could you explain that again?”
• A useful next step: Create a backchaining sequence and a follow-up.

For your teaching portfolio: keep a brief plan, a note of what learners actually did and one change you would make next time. Use anonymous examples.

Sources and authorship

This module maps to the supplied syllabus PDF, Teaching pronunciation (5 pages). The study notes, examples, application tasks and self-checks on these pages are original Cambridge Veritas resources.

View the supplied PDF ↗ · Publication reference: source chapter

Written by Cambridge Veritas. Updated 10 November 2026.

Use these resources for preparation and reflection. Browser self-check results are for personal study and do not award a qualification or replace observed teaching practice.

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