As we celebrate Pride Month, ESOL educators create inclusive online learning environments that support and validate LGBTQ students. One powerful tool for fostering understanding and empathy is literature. As Professor John Gray argues in his article "Addressing LGBTQ erasure through literature in the ELT classroom," carefully chosen literary texts offer much-needed recognition for LGBTQ students and enable others to see the world through their eyes.

Gray distinguishes between "Explicitly Queer Texts," which feature openly LGBTQ characters and themes, and "Implicitly Queer Texts," which contain ideas about the legitimacy of non-normative identities without overt LGBTQ content. For online ESOL classes, both types of texts are valuable for promoting inclusion, depending on the context and comfort level.

Our explicitly Queer Texts directly represent LGBTQ lives and issues, allowing LGBTQ students to see themselves reflected in the curriculum. For example, a lesson could revolve around Vikram Kolmannskog's powerful poem "Orlando, Mi Amor," which touches on homophobic violence, intersectionality, and courage. Students discuss the poem's themes, write personal responses, or even interview the poet via video chat. Such activities validate LGBTQ students' experiences and build empathy among their peers.

However, in settings where open discussion of LGBTQ topics is not feasible, Implicitly Queer Texts can still send a subtle but profound message of inclusion. Classic children's literature often works well for this purpose. Gray cites Edward Lear's whimsical poem "The Owl and the Pussy-Cat" as an example. On the surface, it's an innocent tale of an unlikely animal couple, but it can be interpreted as a celebration of love that defies societal norms. An online lesson at ESOL might involve students dramatizing the poem, debating discussion questions, or writing their own unconventional love stories. For LGBTQ students, the underlying affirmation of non-normative relationships can be deeply meaningful.

June is Pride Month, a time to celebrate diversity and support the LGBTQ community. For our ESOL teachers, it's an opportunity to ensure we are fostering online classroom environments that are welcoming and empowering for all students, including those who identify as LGBTQ. Here are some ways to make your virtual ESL classes more LGBTQ-inclusive:

1. Use inclusive language and avoid assumptions. Be mindful about using gender-neutral terms and pronouns. Don't assume a student's pronouns, sexual orientation or gender identity. Model introducing yourself with your own pronouns.

2. Choose class content that represents LGBTQ perspectives. Look for reading passages, listening clips, and discussion topics that include LGBTQ themes and voices in a positive light. This offers much-needed recognition for LGBTQ students and builds understanding among others.

3. Establish a safe, respectful class culture. Make it clear that homophobic or transphobic comments will not be tolerated. Promote an atmosphere of openness and empathy. If an issue arises, address it promptly.

4. Respect student privacy. Never pressure an LGBTQ student to self-disclose if they prefer not to. Some may not be out to family or feel comfortable discussing their identity.

5. Provide LGBTQ resources and support. Be prepared to refer LGBTQ students to helpful resources, support groups, or school services if needed. Show them you are an ally they can trust.

Beyond choice of texts, online ESOL teachers promote LGBTQ inclusion in myriad ways:

• We use gender-neutral language and avoid heteronormative assumptions in examples and exercises.
• We establish clear guidelines for respectful, non-discriminatory online interactions. Swiftly address any homophobic, transphobic or bullying behaviors.
• We respect LGBTQ students' privacy and pronouns. Never force them to disclose their identities.
• We integrate LGBTQ-themed topics and perspectives across the curriculum, not just in isolated lessons. This normalizes LGBTQ inclusion as a regular part of language learning.
• We connect LGBTQ students with helpful resources and support services. Be a trusted ally.

The virtual classroom poses distinct challenges for building an LGBTQ-inclusive climate. It may be more difficult to establish personal rapport, trust and emotional safety online. However, by harnessing the power of Queer Literature, modeling respect, and weaving LGBTQ perspectives throughout their curriculum, online ESOL teachers send a vital message to LGBTQ students: you are welcome here, your identities are valid, and your stories matter.

As we honor Pride Month, let us remember the words of Rudine Sims Bishop: books can serve as:

• "mirrors, windows and sliding glass doors"

For LGBTQ students in online ESOL classrooms, the right literary texts, paired with empathetic instruction, are a mirror that reflects their own experiences, a window into a more just world, and a sliding glass door inviting them to bring their whole selves to the virtual table.

By making space for Queer Texts and voices, we can transform online language learning into a vehicle for visibility, empowerment and hope. That's something we can all take pride in, this month and always.

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